Male Chastity Cages

My real-life small penis humiliation stories

Embrace your tiny penis it is a lot easier than trying to make it larger. This is just one of many small penis humiliation stories I will share with you today and they are all true and they have all happened to me. Let us start with what a tiny penis is. Flaccid penis size of 2” or less is small with a penis size of 1” or less being tiny also know as micro-penis. There are more men than you might guess that have small penis humiliation stories in fact just about any guy you see in the shower at the gym with a tiny penis will have small penis humiliation stories if you ask him about it. If you do ask make sure to be serious and empathetic because many men find having a tiny penis to be debilitating though it definitely does not need to be an issue, it can be a huge positive but more on that latter. These stories are about me and though I am middle aged now my penis has been tiny my entire life I just did not realize that until middle school when they made all the boys take showers after gym class. I understand that is something that is no longer done in many schools but back than it was not a choice you had to strip nude and shower after gym class and there was a teacher in the locker room making sure all the boys did. Could you imagine that in this day and age, a teacher that made sure all the teenage boys were nude and showering. Before I go on let me say that my flaccid penis is just under 1” which is about as small as most men will ever see tough, I once noticed a guy with a penis less than ½” in fact it looked more like a clitoris with tiny balls too. Until middle school I never though about the size of my penis but when we started taking showers in middle school and other guys started making jokes about my penis, I took notice quickly and it was embarrassing. This was the case because everything they said was true. When I looked around all the other boys had larger to much larger penises. Some of the guys would tell me that I am in the wrong locker room that I should be in the girls-locker room and looking back at that and how hurtful that was it was most likely true, I would have fit in better in the girls-locker room. This was one of my first small penis humiliation stories but not the end of it. The guys in the shower room would treat me like a girl and since my penis was so small guys would come up and grab it and play with it in front of other guys and it was not considered gay because they felt like I was a girl. The boys would tell their girlfriends about me and many of them would make fun of me though there were many others who were extremely nice to me and would tell me not to worry about it. This went on for years all through high school too. My penis never got any bigger. My parents took me to see doctors and they would say it is smaller than normal but there is noting to be done about it. Once in high school I was pulled out of the locker-room naked in front of a bunch of girls that were working out and left there, this was one of my worst and best small penis humiliation stories. It was terrible because I was mortified and when I ran back into the boy’s locker room I kept getting pushed out until a female teacher came over and made sure I got back in. There are a few good parts of this story. First the female gym teacher caught the boys that were doing this to me and they were suspended, second, she actually became a friend of mine and we are still friends all these years later and third I found out there are girls that prefer small and even tiny penises over large ones. Crazy thing is that this intendent led directly to my first real girlfriend who happened to be one of the girls that witnessed the event. During these young years in school, I also realized though I did not know what it was called back then that I loved women and I also could enjoy men. Not all guys were mean to me there were guys that were super nice and very sympathetic to my plight. Some of them turned out to be gay and other straight but there were some good guys. Here is a little secret: the first time I had oral was in 9^th grade and it was from another guy named Greg. He was always so nice to me and would tell me not to listen to all those assholes. We would go over to his house after school and hang out. He parents were at work and we would have the house to ourselves until his older sister came home. Greg was what all girls would call cute and I even thought he was cute more like a cute girl then a guy. Blond hair blue eyes and almost pretty. We would skinny dip in his pool and after while laying in the sun. One day while laying next to me he put his one on me and started rubbing. I freaked me out a little but it felt good. Before I new it he was sucking on my tiny penis and I can’t lie it felt good and I let him in fact I let him do it whenever he wanted and I think I had more sex than just about anyone. Greg knew that I liked girls and he was always trying to hook me up with them. As it turns out he was bi-sexual but who even knew that term back then, looking back I guess I was too. That leads me to another one of my small penis humiliation stories: The time his older sister caught us in the pool my floating on by back with my penis in Greg’s mouth. Greg’s sister was five years older than us which seemed like an adult back in those days. We did not hear her come home and as it turns out she was sitting in the den watching us. She came out back and called over to us to get out of the pool. We were both mortified but did has we were told. Carol had us sit down she would not even let us put our cloths on, looking back she may have been a little twisted too. Both Greg and I were still hard, mine about 2.5” and his over 6”. Carol told us that what we were doing was fine and not to be embarrassed but that we should not do it in the backyard where neighbors could see us and possibly tell Greg’s parents and then mine, she said that could be a big problem and we both agreed. I remember a couple things about that incident, first Carol kept looking at my body and especially my penis which was now back to it’s normal 1” size, my guess is she had seen Greg her naked her entire life and did not care much so her eyes stayed on me. She told Greg to take his clothes and go inside and that she wanted to talk to me in private. She said Michael you need to be careful having sex. These were the days of AIDS but it did not enter my mind that oral sex could be a problem. She asked if I was gay and I said no that I like girls but it was fun having Greg do what he did, Carol said she was sure it was. She said that if I do that with other boys or if other boys want to have anal sex which she explained was them putting their penis in my butt, which at the time did not sound like fun at all, that I would need to make sure they used a condom. Wise information from a young lady. She was cute and as she was talking to me, I got an erection and I guess my face turned red when she saw it. When Carol saw how embarrassed I was she said don’t worry you are really very cute, now go put your clothes on and no more of that kind of fun in the backyard. Carlos, Greg and I are still friends to this day, lifelong friends. Earlier I mentioned about my first real girlfriend being one of the girls that saw me naked in front of the gym. Here name was Sara and she was sweet as can be. She was pretty with a tiny little body but nice curves, I had no idea how hot she was at the time until we started going out and the bullies were very impressed, in fact a lot of the cool kids were. Looking back Sara must have been one of these girls that like tiny penises, after all they are not scary like those big adult sized cocks that for a young girl must be very intimidating. I did not know at the time that there are many women that prefer small sizes cocks. They find them much more comfortable when having sex and the truth is there are so many ways to make a woman cum with very few of those being pure penetration. I have had many girls tell me they love a small cock and larger ones hurt them and even worse many women have been injured by larger cocks even normal sized ones so my tiny penis is just the ticket for many but not all wone. That leads me into another one of my small penis humiliation stories: if you have a tiny penis you are going to run into women that are not very nice and laugh at you. This has happened many times to me. Once with my first girlfriend Sara we were in a jacuzzi with a couple of her girlfriends all of us wearing swimsuits and smoking a little pot when one of her friends said let’s do this nude and stripped off her swimsuit, the other girl followed and Sara said OK let’s do it. She looked at me and smiled and said don’t be shy, we both took our suits off. When we got out the mixture of having a tiny penis and all that hot water made me look like a girl, that was true but one of her friends looked at me and said lucky for us it is just the ladies out here tonight. That was deflating for me but Sara stepped up and said oh no he is a real man a squeezed me tight.

More small penis humiliation stories next post!

Which Sissy cage is right for me?

If you identify as a sissy, you are working on becoming a sissy or are interested in learning about the sissy lifestyle than the question of which sissy cage is the right one for me is a logical one. It makes sense to ask because most sissies are taught to be chastity sissies and will need to wear a sissy cage. Your next question might be what is a sissy cage? The answer is a sissy cage is any male chastity cage that a sissy will use to lock away her worthless little cock. When we dig deeper into the question of which sissy cage is right for me it helps to realize that most sissies what to do whatever they can to help feminize themselves and there are few things that are more feminizing than erasing a penis from the body and rendering it useless. When we look at cages that way, we know that micro-cock cages would be the natural choice for sissies and in fact it is true that most order a sissy cage that is a micro or ultra-micro style since these cages do an excellent job of locking away the penis, making it useless and feminizing the wearer all at once. This is the perfect combination for a sissy and it is the option that most mistresses and sissy trainers. Male chastity cages with names like the Castrate Cage, Eunuch Cage, Munchkin Cage, Mistress Fury and Pancake Man chastity cages give you an idea of how small these cages really are. Cages like the Castrate and Eunuch make you look like their name implies which might seem scary but these are extremely popular style in the male chastity community and top offerings for sissies looking for the perfect sissy cage. I have lived as a sissy in chastity for over ten years with my girlfriend acting as my mistress. She started me off in normal sized chastity cages but my penis is so small I would just float around in them. My wife was thrilled when the micro cages came onto the market and when she told me she had order a sissy cage style for me I was overjoyed. Something that would fit, something that would all but hide my penis, something small enough to wear under girl style panties or mtf swimsuits without it being noticeable was something I had dreamed about and now it was coming true. Changes to sissy cage designs have come fast and furious since than with the biggest change and one that many sissies reading this will already know about are the inverted style chastity cages. The most popular of all the sissy chastity cage styles are the inverted cages including the monster deep throat models which makes a lot of sense when you understand how this style of cage works. This type of cage forces the shaft inside of the body cavity which makes it feel like you are caged and your penis has been removed something many sissies crave to feel and that is the main reason why they are the go-to style cage.

Names like Castrate Inverted, Castrate Deep Throat, Munchkin Inverted Convertible, Munchkin Inverted Hardcore along with Munchkin Deep Throat. Many sissies say they feel like they have a vagina when wearing this style sissy cage and that their pussy is being penetrated, I know that is a detailed visual but this is how they feel. I have used this type of cage too and I would agree that you do feel like you are being penetrated the entire time you are wearing it. When I am asked by sissy friends which cage would be best for me, I always ask how much experience wearing a chastity cage do you have? Someone just starting out will not want their first cage to be an Inverted Deep Throat model, it is too extreme for a wearer with no chastity device experience. On the other hand, a sissy that has been caged for years and feels like they are ready to jump over to an inverted style cage my answer is start slow since it is a new product for you. You cannot just put one on and wear it all day long or days and weeks on end from the get go like you can with most other cage styles. This is a sissy cage that takes getting used to. The best way to do that is to start wearing it for short periods of time and work your way up to longer and longer sessions.

Sissy in Chastity that’s me!

For me being kept as a sissy in chastity was as natural as being trained to be a sissy in fact it is hard to imagine myself a true sissy without having my cock in a cage. Being feminized and caged is as natural as breathing for me. Other sissies I know consider themselves a sissy in chastity and they are proud of it. It is hard for any sissy including me to think that one could be a sissy and not be into a chastity lifestyle since they go together like peanut butter and chocolate, which is to say perfectly. There are Sissies that chastity comes easily too, other men are pushed into it while some of us need it forced upon us, in the end it hardly matters how you come about your chastity adventure. Being a sissy in chastity means you will at times be humiliated from both being a sissy and being in chastity, it is part of the adventure, part of the lifestyle. Sissies in general are men that desire to be feminized, some men do this on their own, but many more require instruction from a sissy trainer though this trend is facing some changes as many a sissy in chastity are being converted by their wives and girlfriends. Have you ever wondered why there are so many women dating or married to feminine men? There are women who are into feminizing their mates and this is a trend that has been taking off now that couples have spent so much more time together during the pandemic. I believe once the pandemic is over this is a trend that will continue becoming a much more typical fetish and lifestyle. Over the past years we have seen an explosion in male chastity between bonded couples along with real growth in men feminized. Many men have chosen chastity as a way of life finding it frees their minds, not being a slave to sex any longer. These are men that are taking chastity into their own hands but there are women that are making decisions about chastity for their men. Let us break down the concept of a male sissy and male chastity but before we go there, I wanted you to check out a website that is extremely popular for mtf transformation also know, as male to female transformation which is a core element of becoming a sissy, sissy transformations, crossdressers and men and women who are into male chastity. The site is koalaswim.com and it is overwhelming how vast their selection of male chastity cages is, it is said they have the largest selection on the planet, and I would tend to agree that it is the truth and not just someone bragging. The one thing you notice right away with the selection of cages is how many are micro style cock cages. These cages are designed for men that want to be caged and feminized with names like the Castrate cage and the Eunuch cage along with cages named girl cock and she cock these micro style cages are designed to erase the wearers manhood. They have so many cages of this style I lost count looking at them. I called and talked to a person at the company, and they said that men looking to become a sissy in chastity will always go for a micro style cage. This makes sense because most sissies will have small penises or would like to have a small penis. The gentleman at Koalaswim.com told me about a sissy training sleeve called the Micro Penis Maker which trains the penis shaft to be tiny and sometimes with enough training a grown man’s cock can get down below 1”in length, that would be almost any sissies dream come true. Another interesting aspect of this site is their full line of male to female transformation suits. These are swimsuits, shorts and tights with many sissies using the swimsuits for both swimming and as underwear panties. These designs do not hide the penis like most gaffs do they repurpose and repackage the penis. Though hard to explain here in detail but what they do is change the penis into a lovely little camel toe vagina that is so perfect girls would not be able to tell it from the real thing. Visually it is so stunning that it makes the wearer feal like they do have a vagina, the brains will see a vagina and that is the signal you are getting. I wanted to test a few of these out to see if it was for real. The boy and girls at Koalaswim.com were extremely accommodating and sent me out a few to test drive. In another post I will be going into much more detail about the male to female transformation designs created for transgender, crossdressers and sissies but for now I can say they are nothing short of amazing. My girlfriends could not believe how feminine I looked wearing them and how perfect the vagina shape and size is. They had fun teasing me about my camel toe. I can also say that if I was wearing one of these on the beach that men would take notice and be very interested in the girl with the perfect pussy. The tights and the shorts are also impossibly realistic and remember there is not an insert creating the camel toe it is my penis being reshaped and reused creating it. FYI it feels great too and I was able to wear them all day long. I used the tights as workout wear at the gym and around town, they looked fabulous and same with the shorts. The shorts are called micro shorts and they do show some cheek something like Daisy Dure style spandex shorts in the rear and a tiny camel toe up front these are perfect as swim trunks, gym shorts or just out and about sissy wear. One of the interesting things I learned from my contact at the manufacture is that as popular as these styles are with sissies, crossdressers and transgender folks they are also just as popular with men in general, men that are interested in getting in touch with their feminine side and much like sissy trainers there are women out there that are ordering these designs for the men in their life hoping to instill a stronger sense of the male feminine balance we all should have. Once you find the right cage/cages and order yourself some of the mtf designs you are ready to start your sissy in chastity adventure. As a sissy it is important to learn about make-up both what to order for your skin type and color and how best to apply it. Many sissy trainers will help you with this and teach you how to do it. This is one area I am not fond of having men do themselves by trail and error since it is such an important aspect of your femininity. I personally hired a make-up artist this was a suggestion I read about hiring one and it was also recommended to me by many other sissies. It was well worth the cost because she showed me exactly what I would need to order without wasting a bunch of money, she applied it for me to show me what she felt the best look for me was and there is no doubt I would never have been able to get results anywhere near what she did. After setting up my look she showed me exactly how to do it myself and she was available to answer questions when I had them. I am small boned and somewhat feminine to begin with, when I was in school the boys in the locker room used to say my ass looked like a girl since it was nice and round, I now know that was a huge compliment but back in the day it bothered me. Having my face done and wearing a mtf design panty I was able to wear girl’s leggings and could easily pass as female once I had my cage on, I was a sissy in chastity, no questions asked.

3D Printed Male Chastity Cages.

3D printed male chastity cages.

At the Male Chastity Cages site, we almost exclusively look at, test and issue opinions on small size cages specifically micro male chastity cages. Most of the guys working here and writing posts wear micro cages and it is not because we all have small cocks though many of us do and are proud of our little man clits. I am Michael D and I am one writing this post and the proud owner of a man clit. I believe that all men with small to tiny cocks should be wearing male chastity cages since the cages keep the penis small, useless and in many respects humiliated as one should be. If you are new to cages and you have a small penis just know that there is a brotherhood of men with small cocks all over and we are happy to welcome you. No need to worry about how small you are, embrace it, love it and be proud if it. Well, that was a mouthful so let us talk about 3D printed male chastity cages and in particular micro size cages. There are a number of 3D printed chastity cages on the market and I have personally tested many of them. Today we will talk about cages in general and three cages that are my personal favorites. All the cages I have tested have been full compression micro male chastity cages with all designs virtually making the shaft of your penis disappear, it is that much craved Eunuch look, so small the shaft appears to have been removed from the wearer. The major benefits to 3D printed chastity cages are the following: ease of design which means it is easier to do a more complicated designs on a 3D printed cage and it is much less costly designing and producing them since unlike a regular plastic or silicon style cage no mold needs to be made and molds can be extremely expensive. The design of a 3D printed chastity cage is completed on the computer before it goes to a 3D printer and it is easy to tweak and make changes as you go along there by creating an excellent finished product. Virtually all micro style 3D printed male chastity cages are made from a resin type of plastic which is incredibly light, strong and resilient. We can do many more shapes using a 3D printer and for the cock ring portion of the cage we can create more comfortable long-term wearing designs. Lightweight is an excellent benefit when you are cage for long periods of time as is being easy to clean which all the 3D printed cages we tested are.

Here are my top three choices:

Sissy Penis Chastity Cage

This is a true to life 3D printed chastity cage that is perfect for compressing the shaft down to nothing and is an excellent cage for sissy training and men, gender neutral, non-binary and transexuals that are looking for a feminine looking cage with an extremely comfortable fit. Lots of ring size options. I liked this one the best though the other two would be awesome additions to anyone’s collection too.

Girl Meat Chastity Cage

The Girl Meat is an extremely small ultra-lightweight 3D printed cock cage that keeps you all-in but in the most minimalist design. The Girl Meat is similar to the stainless-steel micro-cages made by Koala and it would be an excellent long-term travel cage.

Boy Pussy Chastity Cage

The Sissy Pussy Cage just barely beat out the Boy Pussy as my favorite 3D printed male chastity cage. I loved the fit and finish and over-all it was the smallest of the three all of which are extremely micro cages to be sure. I felt my most feminine wearing the Boy Pussy and it leaves you with so little penis showing after a short time you feel like there is a pussy between your legs. I understand from the guys at the Male Chastity Store at Koalaswim .com that this one is the most popular 3D printed cage they offer.

The question I get asked all the time is should I switch to wearing a 3D printed cage? Being a huge, metal cock cage fan I would say don’t switch but do like I have a add one or two into your collection. I loved wearing the 3D cages when I was working out at the gym, going for long walks on the beach and being active. That is why I am adding them in as a regular daily use cage along with my micro metal cock cages and I would highly recommend the same for you.

Male Chastity Cages and Belts

There are so many types of male chastity cages, so many different designs and styles that I could blog about them for ever. I have been wearing a cock cage for almost ten years now and over that time I have met lots of men and women who are into the lifestyle including many friends. Opinions are all over the place when it comes to male chastity cages in general, but it is funny how when the discussion turns to male chastity belts there is much more agreement on favorite types and styles. The thinking is that when you compare chastity belts the universe of them is much smaller compared to male chastity cages, much smaller and much fewer choices. When you get down to it there are only two different belt types: The major design is a belt with a metal shaped cock cage. Sure, there are many different designs, but the basic idea is the same cage that keeps the penis from being used, some of the chastity belts will keep the balls from being handled too and many have an additional metal butt plug so your Mistress/Master can control the anus too. Keep it plugged and there is no entry or exit without permission. The other belt style is the Femme style belts we do their best to lock the penis away and change the look of the penis into that of a vagina. These are wonderful belts when not only chastity, but humiliation is in order and unlike standard male chastity cages many of these designs do an awesome job of femininizing the wearer there are a few that change the look of the penis into an actual vagina which is a stunning effect and a popular option for men going through sissy training and men that are interested in transitioning. Fit is ever so important when it comes to belts with the ones that feature a leather belt the easiest ones to adjust and the ones that feature a metal cable often covered with plastic or rubber tubing needing to be adjusted using cable cutters and not just any cable cutters but stainless-steel ones. These are more difficult to size but one you get them right they are far more secure. Just like standard male chastity cages finding the right one has a lot to do with penis size. Men with larger penises have fewer choices with any type of chastity cage or chastity belt whereas smaller penises have a wide variety of styles and designs. Small penis men can go with ultra-micro cages and when choosing a femme style chastity belt it is much easier to feminize smaller cocks after all they are already half way to being vaginas anyways.

Penis shaped male chastity cages

There are a number of very popular penis shaped male chastity cages on the market and they are especially popular with the sissy crowd and with Mistresses that like to humiliate their slaves. When you think about it that makes sense since the wearers small penis is being displayed in what is often a very small penis shaped cage. Locked away and having a cock that is not your own is a form of humiliation. There are larger penis shaped cages for the times when your Mistress wants to show you off even though everyone knows your penis is small you get to show something larger, and guys with larger cocks can use these style cages too. I enjoy seeing me wearing the cock style cages because they are beautiful after all the cage style itself is based on a perfect shaft whether large or small that is visually stimulating. There are a couple new ones that are penis shaped and finished in gold colored stainless steel, it is a nice look.

Golden Little Beauty

Pussy Cat Male Chastity Cage

New Pussy Cat cage for tiny man pussies.

I wanted to tell you about two new products today. The first is a new micro style male chastity cage called the Pussy Cat. It is not an absolute micro like the Castrate, Eunuch or Munchkin cages but more a minimal micro, one that is a lovely site to behold. Men being shown off by their mistresses or sissy’s being humiliated in front of others could not ask for a prettier design than the Pussy Cat cock cage. It features stainless steel construction with a comfort fit style cock ring. The perfect cage to satisfy your inner man pussy dreams.

The other item is a showstopper, a product anyone into wearing micro cages would love. It is called the Micro Penis Maker and it will get you smaller than you could have ever imagined. The photo below should tell you everything you need to know.

Special Male Chastity Cages

Out on the town with the She Café cock cage.

The She Café is a remarkably interesting mini micro style male chastity cage. I have been wearing one for the last week testing it out for fit, feel and quality. It is one of the more unusual cock cage styles which I tend to enjoy since so many companies are selling the same old cages. The She Café can be found at the Male Chastity Store at Koalaswim.com. Some guys tell me they are overwhelmed by their selection on the site, but I prefer to have a lot of choices and since my collection is on the eclectic micro size side, I love the styles they offer. The She Café is considered a mini micro size cage and it trends closer to being a micro cock cage, it offers superb security which I feel is extremely important in a male chastity device, there is no escaping this unit. It is a substantial cage that is on the weighty side, but it is also extremely comfortable I could see myself being locked up in the She Café long term. The cock ring portion is much thicker than on most cages and it has what is referred to as a comfort fit style, I am not sure exactly what that means but I can tell you it is an extremely comfortable male chastity cock cage. I am on the smaller side and I had no issues fitting inside the cage with room to spare. My guess is most guys that have an average size penis or smaller, or larger guys that are small when flaccid should be able to use this cage without any issues. Male chastity device design is more a matter of personal choice, and as you all know, men are visually stimulated easily. I found the She Café an extremely attractive design and I especially like the front locking system a rarity among male chastity devices.

https://www.koalaswim.com/Male-Chastity-Store_c_22.html

Inverted male chastity cages

When it comes to male chastity cages the newest most exciting trend is the inverted cage. Inverted male chastity cages are new to the chastity scene as of 2020 when these new designs were created by the crazy boys at the Male Chastity Store at koalaswim.com. Let me give you a quick overview of what they are and how they work but first let me tell you that if you are new to wearing male chastity cages the inverted ones are not the right starting point, they are for men that are experienced users. The example we will use today is the Munchkin Inverted screwed convertible model. The Munchkin line of chastity cages offers everything from standard micro style cock cages, chastity devices with penis plugs, inverted style chastity devices and their most extreme male chastity cages the Munchkin Screwed and plugged Deep Throat Inverted cage. Quite a selection and while the standard Munchkin Cage can be used by all men regardless of experience as you move on the others should be choices after you have at least some time in having your penis in a cage. The major difference between the inverted style male chastity cages and other chastity devices is that the penis is forced inside body cavity and held there when the cage is locked on. There is an option on the cages to use a catheter style penis plug so you can urinate without taking the cage off. I consider myself a very experienced person when it come to wearing cock cages, but I was surprised by how the cage felt my first time wearing one. It was a mix between looking and feeling like I had become a Eunuch with my shaft being removed. A very intense feeling indeed and one my dominatrix wanted me to experience repeatedly! I would absolutely recommend trying one of these extreme chastity devices if you have experience wearing cock cages.

A heavy-duty male chastity device in a small package

This post will focus on one of my favorite cock cages and I want to be up front and say that this is a cage I wear often especially when I want to feel the weight of my chastity device but I still want a nice tight fit and absolute security. The cock cage on todays docket is the She Cock. What a fucking great name for a chastity device, in two words it tells you to get ready for the humiliation of having to be caged. The She Cock keeps my man Clit from growing into a real penis, there is no room for that. The size of cage is just large enough to handle a small flaccid cock like mine though I am sure many men with larger shafts just force them into the cage for safe keeping. The design is in my opinion an absolute stunner a real beauty. Smooth soft lines formed of stainless steel and all in an extremely compact cage. The cock ring is a form fitting design that is comfortable for a night out or weeks at a time. Your mistress will love the no escape clause in the design. Once locked in there is no way to remove it without the key. This is one of the main reasons why this cock cage is so popular with key-holders.